SINO-U.S. JOINT COMMUNIQUE (February 28, 1972)
陸美聯合公報 （又稱：上海公報）(民國61年)主曆1972年2月28日《Black Water Museum Collections | 黑水博物館館藏》
外文出版社出版 (北京)
1972年(32開)第一版
編號:(英)3050-2435 00010
3-E-1278P
President Richard Nixon of the United States of America visited the People’s Republic of China at the invitation of Premier Chou En-lai of the People’s Republic of China from February 21 to February 28, 1972. Accompanying the President were Mrs. Nixon, U.S. Secretary of State William Rogers, Assistant to the President Dr. Henry Kissinger, and other American officials.
President Nixon met with Chairman Mao Tsetung of the Communist Party of China on February 21. The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on Sino-U.S. relations and world affairs.
During the visit, extensive, earnest and frank discussions were held between President Nixon and Premier Chou En-lai on the normalization of relations between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China, as well as on other matters of interest to both sides. In addition, Secretary of State William Rogers and Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei held talks in the same spirit.
President Nixon and his party visited Peking and viewed cultural, industrial and agricultural sites, and they also toured Hangchow and Shanghai where, continuing discussions with Chinese leaders, they viewed similar places of interest.
The leaders of the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America found it beneficial to have this opportunity, after so many years without contact, to present candidly to one another their views on a variety of issues.
美國總統李察德-尼克森應國務院總理周恩來之邀，於民國61年（主曆1972年）2月21至28日間造訪中華人民共和國，隨行的有尼克森夫人（Mrs. Nixon）、國務卿威廉-羅傑斯（William Rogers）、總統國家安全事務助理亨利-季辛吉博士（Dr. Henry Kissinger），及其他美國官員。
尼克森總統於2月21日會見中國共產黨中央委員會主席毛澤東，兩位領導人就陸美關係及全球事務進行了嚴肅而坦率的意見交流。
在訪問期間，尼克森總統與周恩來總理就美利堅合眾國與中華人民共和國關係正常化，以及對雙方利益相關的事務進行了廣泛、深入且直接的討論。另外，國務卿威廉-羅傑斯與外交部長姬鵬飛也秉持同樣的精神進行了對談。
尼克森總統率其政黨拜訪北京，同時遊覽了文化、工業及農業等景點，他們前往杭州及上海等地，繼續與陸方領導們進行討論，也參觀了類似的名勝古蹟。
中華人民共和國與美國的領導們認為，在多年未相互接觸之後能有這個機會彼此坦誠地就各種議題交換意見是非常有幫助的。
They reviewed the international situation in which important changes and great upheavals are taking place and expounded their respective positions and attitudes.
The Chinese side stated: Wherever there is oppression, there is resistance. Countries want independence, nations wan liberation and the people want revolution–this has become the irresistible trend of history. All nations, big or small, should be equal: big nations should not bully the small and strong nations should not bully the weak. China will never be a superpower and it opposes hegemony and power politics of any kind. The Chinese side stated that it firmly supports the struggles of all the oppressed people and nations for freedom and liberation and that the people of all countries have the right to choose their social systems according their own wishes and the right to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of their own countries and oppose foreign aggression, interference, control and subversion. All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries. The Chinese side expressed its firm support to the peoples of Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia in their efforts for the attainment of their goal and its firm support to the seven-point proposal of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Viet Nam and the elaboration of February this year on the two key problems in the proposal, and to the Joint Declaration of the Summit Conference of the Indochinese Peoples. It firmly supports the eight-point program for the peaceful unification of Korea put forward by the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea on April 12, 1971, and the stand for the abolition of the “U.N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea”. It firmly opposes the revival and outward expansion of Japanese militarism and firmly supports the Japanese people’s desire to build an independent, democratic, peaceful and neutral Japan. It firmly maintains that India and Pakistan should, in accor- dance with the United Nations resolutions on the Indo- Pakistan question, immediately withdraw all their forces to their respective territories and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir and firmly supports the Pakistan Government and people in their struggle to preserve their independence and sovereignty and the people of Jammu and Kashmir in their struggle for the right of self-determination.
The U.S. side stated: Peace in Asia and peace in the world requires efforts both to reduce immediate tensions and to eliminate the basic causes of con- flict. The United States will work for a just and secure peace: just, because it fulfills the aspira- tions of peoples and nations for freedom and progress; secure, because it removes the danger of foreign ag- gression. The United States supports individual free- dom and social progress for all the peoples of the world, free of outside pressure or intervention. The United States believes that the effort to reduce ten- sions is served by improving communication between countries that have different ideologies so as to lessen the risks of confrontation through accident, miscalculation or misunderstanding. Countries should treat each other with mutual respect and be willing to compete peacefully, letting performance be the ulti- mate judge. No country should claim infallibility and each country should be prepared to re-examine its own attitudes for the common good. The United States stressed that the peoples of Indochina should be allowed to determine their destiny without outside in- tervention; its constant primary objective has been a negotiated solution; the eight-point proposal put forward by the Republic of Viet Nam and the United States on January 27, 1972 represents a basis for the attainment of that objective; in the absence of a negotiated settlement the United States envisages the ultimate withdrawal of all U.S. forces from the region consistent with the aim of self-determination for each country of Indochina. The United States will maintain its close ties with and support for the Republic of Korea; the United States will support efforts of the Republic of Korea to seek a relaxation of tension and increased communication in the Korean peninsula. The United States places the highest value on its friendly relations with Japan; it will continue to develop the existing close bonds. Consistent with the United Nations Security Council Resolution of december 21, 1971, the United States favors the continuation of the ceasefire between India and Pakistan and the withdraw- al of all military forces to within their own territo- ries and to their own sides of the ceasefire line in Jammu and Kashmir; the United States supports the right of the peoples of South Asia to shape their own future in peace, free of military threat, and without having the area become the subject of great power rivalry.
他們仔細審視了正經歷重大變化與動盪不安的國際局勢，並闡述了各自的立場與態度。
陸方聲明：哪裡有壓迫，哪裡就有抵抗。國家想要獨立，國家想要解放，人民想要革命—這已經變成是抵擋不住的歷史洪流了。所有的國家不論大小，都應該是平等的；大國不應欺負小國，強國不該霸凌弱國。中華人民共和國決不做超級強權，而且堅決反對任何形式的霸權主義與強權政治。陸方表示他們堅決支持所有受壓迫的人民及國家爭取自由與解放的鬥爭，而且所有國家的人民都有權利按照自己的意願選擇他們的社會制度，有權維護自己國家的獨立、主權和領土完整。反對來自它國的侵略、干涉、操控和顛覆；所有外國軍隊都應該撤回到自己的國家。陸方表示堅決支持越南、寮國和柬埔寨三國人民努力實現其目標，堅決支持南越共和國臨時政府的七點提案以及今年二月關於該提案中兩個關鍵問題的闡述，以及中南半島華人高峰會的聯合宣言；陸方堅決支持朝鮮民主主義人民共和國政府於民國60年（主曆1971年）4月12日所提出的和平統一朝鮮的八點計劃，同時主張廢除聯合國統一與重建韓國委員會。陸方堅決反對日本軍國主義的復興與向外擴張，並堅決支持日本人民建立一個獨立、民主、和平和中立的日本的願望。陸方堅決主張印度及巴基斯坦應根據聯合國關於印-巴問題的決議，立即將其所有軍隊撤回各自的領土，以及雙方在加姆（Jammu）及克什米爾（Kashmir）的停火線外各自的地區，陸方堅決支持巴基斯坦政府及人民維護獨立和主權的鬥爭，還有加姆與克什米爾人民爭取自決權的鬥爭。
美方聲明：要達致亞洲和平與世界和平，需要為減緩當前的緊張局勢並且消除衝突的根本原因作出努力，美國將致力尋求公正且穩固的和平。所謂的公正，因為它滿足了各國人民和其國家爭取自由和進步的願望；所謂的穩固，因為它消除了外國侵略的危險。美國支持全世界人類在不受外來壓力與干預下爭取個人自由與社會進步。美國相信為減緩緊張局勢的努力成效仰賴於改善具不同意識形態的國家之間的溝通聯繫，以降低因意外、錯誤評估與誤會而造成的衝突危機。各國應該相互尊重，並且願意和平競爭，讓行動做為最後判斷。沒有一個國家能宣稱其絕對正確，同時所有國家為了共同利益的好處，應該隨時準備好重新審視其所採取的態度。美國強調，應該允許中南半島各國人民在不受外力干涉下決定自己的命運。美國一貫的首要目標是尋求談判解決；民國61年（主曆1972年）1月27日，越南共和國與美國提出的八點提案為實現這個目標提供了基礎。在談判無法獲致解決方案時，美國預計在符合中南半島各國自決這一目標的情況下，最終從這個地區撤出所有的美國軍隊。美國將與大韓民國保持密切聯繫與援助；美國將協助大韓民國針對朝鮮半島謀求緊張局勢的緩和並增進溝通聯繫的努力。美國最珍視與日本的友好關係，並將從現有的緊密關係中繼續發展。根據聯合國安理會民國60年（主曆1971年）12月21日的決議，美國支持印度與巴基斯坦間的繼續停火，並將所有軍隊撤回各自的領土之內，以及雙方在加姆及克什米爾的停火線外各自的地區。美國支持南亞各國人民和平地且在不受軍事威脅下打造自己的未來的權利，而不使該地區成為大國競爭的目標。
There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-aggression against other states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or threat of force. The United States and the People’s Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations.
With these principles of international relations in mind the two sides stated that:
progress toward the normalization of relations between China and the United States is in the interests of all countries
both wish to reduce the danger of international military conflict
neither should seek hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region and each is opposed to efforts by any other country or group of countries to establish such hegemony
neither is prepared to negotiate on behalf of any third party or to enter into agreements or under- standings with the other directed at other states.
Both sides are of the view that it would be against the interests of the peoples of the world for any major country to collude with another against other countries, or for major countries to divide up the world into spheres of interest.
The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Chinese side reaffirmed its position: the Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China’s internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere;
中華人民共和國與美利堅合眾國的社會制度與外交政策存在著本質上的差異，然而，雙方都同意即使各國的社會制度不同，都應該根據尊重各國主權與領土完整、不侵犯它國、不干涉其它國家內政、平等互惠、和平共存的原則來處理國與國之間的關係。應該以此基礎來解決國際糾紛，而非訴諸武力使用或武力威脅。美利堅合眾國與中華人民共和國準備在他們的相互關係中實行這些原則。
考慮到上述這些國際關係的原則，雙方聲明：
* 陸美關係邁向正常化是符合所有國家的利益。
* 雙方均期盼減少國際軍事衝突的危險。
* 任何一方都不應該謀求成為亞太地區的霸主，這兩方均反對任何其它國家或國家集團試圖建立這種霸權的努力。
* 任何一方都不準備代表第三方進行協商談判，也不準備同對方達成針對其它國家的協議或非正式協定。
雙方都認為任何一個大國勾結另一個大國以對抗其它國家，或者大國在世界上劃分利益範圍都是有違全世界人類的利益。
雙方檢視了長期存在陸美之間的嚴重爭議，陸方重申其立場：台灣問題是妨礙陸美關係正常化的關鍵問題；中華人民共和國政府是中國的唯一合法政府；台灣是早已歸還中華民國的一個省；解放台灣是中國的內政，別國無權干涉。
and all U.S. forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of “one China, one Taiwan”, “one China, two governments”, “two Chinas”, an “independent Taiwan” or advocate that “the status of Taiwan remains to be determined”.
The U.S. side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan Strait maintain there is but one China and that Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all U.S. forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes. The two sides agreed that it is desirable to broaden the understanding between the two peoples. To this end, they discussed specific areas in such fields as science, technology, culture, sports and journal- ism, in which people-to-people contacts and exchanges would be mutually beneficial. Each side undertakes to facilitate the further development of such contacts and exchanges.
Both sides view bilateral trade as another area from which mutual benefit can be derived, and agreed that economic relations based on equality and mutual benefit are in the interest of the peoples of the two countries. They agree to facilitate the progressive development of trade between their two countries.
The two sides agreed that they will stay in con- tact through various channels, including the sending of a senior U.S. representative to Peking from time to time for concrete consultations to further the normal- ization of relations between the two countries and continue to exchange views on issues of common interest.
The two sides expressed the hope that the gains achieved during this visit would open up new prospects for the relations between the two countries. They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.
President Nixon, Mrs. Nixon and the American party expressed their appreciation for the gracious hospitality shown them by the Government and people of the People’s Republic of China.
同時所有美國的武力與軍事設施必須撤出台灣，中華人民共和國政府堅決反對任何旨在製造「一中一台」、「一中兩府」、「兩個中國」、「台灣獨立」或鼓吹「台灣地位未定」的活動。
美方宣示：美國知悉到台灣海峽兩岸所有的中國人都堅持只有一個中華民國，而且台灣是中華民國的一部分，美國政府對此一立場沒有異議。美國政府重申對由中國人自己和平解決台灣問題的關心，考慮到此一前景，美國政府確認自台灣撤除全部美國武力與軍事設施的終極目標。在此同時，美國政府將隨著這個地區的緊張局勢趨向緩和而逐步減少在台灣的武力與軍事設施。雙方同意擴大彼此人民的彼此瞭解是可取的，為達成此目的，他們就科學、技術、文化、運動及新聞等特定領域進行了討論；而在這些領域中，民間進行的聯繫與交流將有助於彼此互相得利；雙方各自承諾致力促進這類聯繫與交流的進一步發展。
雙方將雙邊貿易視為可以帶來互利的另一個領域，並且同意基於平等與互利的經濟關係是符合兩國人民的利益；他們同意繼續促進兩國之間貿易關係的逐步發展。
雙方同意藉由不同管道繼續保持聯繫，包括不定期地派遣美國高級官員代表造訪北京，就促進兩國關係正常化進行具體的磋商，同時繼續就共同利益的議題進行意見交流。
雙方冀望此次拜訪的成果能夠為兩國關係開展新局，他們相信兩國關係的正常化不只是符合兩國人民的利益，更有助於緩和亞洲與世界的緊張局勢。
尼克森總統、尼克森夫人與美方一行對中華人民共和國政府與人民所展現的慇勤款待表示表示感謝。
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