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二戰，美國陸軍，E-3 發電機組臨時技術手冊及使用指南（3.0 KW，0.8 FF，120 伏特，60Hz，單相）

TEMPORARY TECHNICAL MANUAL and INSTRUCTION GUIDE GENERATOR SET MODEL E-3 (O'Keefe & Merritt Co. - 3.0 KW, 0.8 FF, 120 Volt, 60 Cycle, 1 Phase)

二戰，美國陸軍，E-3 發電機組臨時技術手冊及使用指南（3.0 KW，0.8 FF，120 伏特，60Hz，單相）

2. General.

a. The 3 KW Generator Set is a portable, self-contained, gasoline engine driven generator, rated at 3.0 kw, 0.8 P.F., produsing single phase alternating current at 120 volts and 60 cycles.

b. The Generator Set is used to furnish electricity to operate motors, lights, radio transmitters and receivers, signal systems, heating units, and other appliances where power line service from a large power station is not available, or upon failure of such power line service.

c. It consists principally of a gasoline engine, an a-c generator, a switchboard or panel carrying the necessary controls and indicators, a power outlet, and the necessary equipmont and tools for field maintenance. The generating unit is mounted on skids and is inclosed by a steel housing equipped with hinged hoods and a door which afford access to the interior of the unit and the control panel.

d. Four porter bars are supplied to be inserted through the brackets. attached to the housing to facilitate the movement of the unit in the field.

3. Engine.

a. The engine is a standard commercial, four cylinder, four-cycle, L-head, water cooled, 11-horsepower gasoline engine. It in started by hand cranking.

b. The Ignition system is a standard magneto type with Impulse starting. The ignition switch is mounted on the control panel. The magneto in driven by the water pump shaft.

c. The cooling system is of the forced circulating type, consisting of a centrifugal water pump, a copper fin and tube type radiator, and a 13 inch, 6 blade fan of the pusher type. The fan is driven by a V-belt from the engine crankshaft.

d. Lubrication is provided by a gear pump mounted in the oil pan. It furnishes positive pressure oiling to all main and connecting rod bearings. All other bearing surfaces are splash lubricated. The oil is kept clean by an oil filter mounted on top of the engine.

e. Other equipment includes air, oil and gasoline filters for maximum engine protection under all operating conditions.

8. Preparation for use.

a. The crank case should be filled with three quarts of oil of the proper viscosity. For temperatures above 40 degrees fahrenheit, use SAE #30. When temperatures drop to 40 degrees fahrenheit above zero, use SAE #10 Pure Pennsylvania oil. If the plant is operated in zero or sub-sero temperature, the regular oil may be diluted as follows: First, run the plant until oil in engine is warm, then drain all old oil from the crankcase. Mix 3 quarts of new Pennsylvania oil, SAE #10 or SAE #10w with 1/2 pint of clean kerosene. (A good grade of distillate may be used if kerosene is not available). Mix the oil and kerosone thoroughly before filling crankoase. Start the plant imediately after filling and allow the engine to run for at least 10 minutes to circulate the now oil throughout the entire lubricating system.

CAUTION: Do not attempt to thin an oil heavier than SAE #20 with keronene, as this will only produce a mixture that will separate each time the engine is stopped.

When adding oil between drain periods, mix 1/2 pint of kerosene with one quart of SAE #10 or SAE #10W oil. Never add kerosene only to old oil in cold weather.

The oil level of the crank case is indicated on a bayonet type gage stick at the right side of the engine.

b. The gasoline tank in the housing should be filled (5-1/2 gallona). A copper funnel and a strainer pad will facilitate filling. The safety cap on the gasoline filler should be looked down and the shut-off valve at the bottom of the tank opened after filling. A gage on the top of the tank Indicates the amount of gasoline in the tank.

c. The drain cock below the water pump should be closed and the radiator filled with water to its capacity of five quarts. If freezing weather in anticipated, an anti-freeze solution should be used. Water in radiator should be protected during cold weather to 10 degrees below anticipated temperature. Use Frostone or other athylene glycol antifreeze. Never use kerosene or distillate as antifreeze because of the fire hazards.

9. Starting.

a. The engine may be started after the preliminary servicing described above has been completed.

(1) Pull out choke button if engine is cold.

(2) Snap on ignition switch.

(3) Crank the engine.

b. As soon as the engine starts, the manual choke control should be pushed in until it is only about one-fourth out. As the engine warms up, the choke should be gradually returned to its normal or "all-in" position. If the engine has been shut down recently and is still warm, it will not be necessary to use the choke.

c. If the engine fails to start in fifteen to twenty seconds of cranking, or stops running, the operator should shut off the switches and look for the cause.

(1) If it is suspected that failure to start or run is due to flooding, push in choke and crank engine from ten to fifteen seconds.

2) Check for ignition faults For a quick check of the ignition system, remove a spark plug wire and hold it near engine block while engine is being cranked with the ignition switch on. There should be a strong blus spark.

(3) If there is no spark or if spark is very weak:

(a) Check all wiring connections at the magneto and starting switch.

(4) Check for fuel reaching engine cylinders.

(a) Uncouple fuel line at gasoline filter and open gas cock above it to see if gasoline flows freely to filter. If this is flowing freely uncouple gasoline filter from carburetor and connect filter to gasoline line to see If the gasoline flows freely through filter element to carburetor.

(b) Should gasoline fail to pass through filter, take off Elass bowl and clean it with gasoline. Also clean filter element. This element is made up of a number of vory thin dises held together by a nut on the bottom and therefore should be handled carefully. If compreased air or a tire pump is at hand, the filter element should be blown out before replacing the bowl. These operations will insure gasolins getting to the carburetor.

(c) After the above operations, crank engine from ten to fifteen seconds with choke out and then remove a spark plug. The spark plug should be wet or damp with gasoline if the carburetor line in clear and fres.

10. Regulating Engine Speed.

a. The speed of the engine must be regulated to hold the proper frequency. The governor is of the fly-ball type, and is gear driven fron the timing chain in the front of the engine. To change the engine speed, turn the adjusting screw an directed in figure 1.

b. Check the engine speed by the frequency meter on the instrument panel. When the 60 cycle read is vibrating, the engine is running at the correct speed of 1800 R. P. M. When idling at no load, the speed will be slightly higher.

11. Operating Under Load.

a. After the engine has been started and is operating satisfactorily, the load should be connected to the generator by throwing the main switch to the "on" position. This switch in s circuit breaker, and will automatically disconnect the generator from the load should any external trouble develop. To reset the circuit breaker, throw switch to extreme "off" position and then to the "on" position. It will throw out again if the trouble has not been cleared. The trouble, generally a short circuit in the line, should be cleared before further use.

b. The voltmeter is connected in the circuit ahead of the circuit breaker and will indicate the line voltage at all times. The frequency meter, wired in the circuit with the voltmeter, will indicate the frequency continuously. Nor- mally the frequency will changs a fraction of a cycle as the load is varied.

c. The ammeter is placed in the load circuit and gives a direct indica- tion of the load current.

d. Normal full load current for an 0.8 power factor load in 31.3 amperes at 120 volts, 60 cycles. Normal full load current for a unity power factor, resistance load, is 25.0 ampores at 130 volts and 60 cycles. The generator will not be harmed if it in operated for as much as two hours at 25 percent overload.

e. The voltage regulator is connected in the exciter field circuit. It varies the voltage of the exciter, which in turn varies the excitation of the a-c generator and controls the voltage of the ontfre unit. To use the voltage regulator, turn the regulator switch to the "on" position and adjust the volt- age to 120 volts by means of the regulator rheostat. To control the voltage

12. General Care and Precautions.

a. The generating unit should be kept clean and adequately supplied with water, lubricating oil, and gasoline at all times. Care should be exer- cised to see that anti-freeze is added to the water supply when operating in cold climates and the proper grade of oil in used for the temperature under which the unit is operating.

b. Exercise care to see that main switch (circuit breaker) in always open when connecting or disconnecting power cable, and before starting engine.

c. If the unit is used in a building er inclosure be sure that a hose or pipe is attached to engine exhaust and run through an opening to the outwide. Exhaust fumes and gases might prove harmful to operating personnel.

d. Feriodic examinations should be made to see that all electrical connections and leads are in good order and that electrical Indicators and con- trols are functioning properly.

e. Do not pour gasoline into the fuel tank while the engine is running or while the ignition is on.

13. Lubrication. The generating unit should not be lubricated excessivoly. The frequency of ofling should be based on the number of hours of operation. Use only specified oils and lubricants. The following points should be checked periodically:

a. Crankcase. oil, engine, SAE 30, should be used if the temperature is more than plus 40° F. and SAE 10 whon the minimum anticipated temperature. is not less than 0° F. Below zero, dilute crankcase oil with kerosens, or Diesel fuel, as per instructions in Section III 8-n. Change oil every 100. hours operation.

b. Water pump. The greuse cup in the housing of the water pump should be given one turn every 50 hours of operation. The cup should be refilled when empty. Use waterproof groase No. 4 for lubricating water pump under all temperature conditions. At low temperature, lubricato sparingly, and when ongine is warm.

c. Magneto. The bearings of the magneto are packed with grease at the factory and require no further attention. The magneto breaker cam should be lightly oiled after every 500 hours of operation.

d. Cooling fan. After every 50 hours of operation, unscrew slotted plug in fan hub and fill hub with engine ofl until it dripe from the shaft.

e. Governor. The governor needs very little attention as it is of led from the engine lubricating system. However, a drop of oil should be placed on the connecting links occasionally.